Reactions in a fuel cell result in an electric current flowing through a wire from one terminal to the other. Schematic diagram of a modern hydrogenoxygen fuel cell. How many electrons are pro duced from 2 moles of hydrogen. A durable fuel cell power system including hydrogen storage that achieves 60% energy efficiency when operating at peak power and that offers a 325 wkg power density and 220 wl operating on hydrogen. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology.
A fuel cell is composed of an anode, cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. Fuel cells fact sheet doe hydrogen and fuel cells program. Fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs predominantly use pem fuel cells, offering high efficiency, high power density and coldstart capabilities. He explains that hydrogen is not an energy source but a carrier, like electricity, and introduces the concept of hydricity, the essential interchangeability of electricity and hydrogen. Batteries and fuel cells designed to power vehicles and portable devices need to have high chargetoweight and chargetovolume ratios. Fuel cell a device that uses hydrogen or hydrogenrich fuel and oxygen to create electricity. Fueling a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle requires approximately five. Apr 21, 2010 modified stoichiometric oxygen hydrogen moh gas is the best hydrogen storage. Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles fact sheet, nrel national.
Hydrogen is split into hydrogen ions and electrons by a platinum catalyst at the anode. Fuel cell technologies and hydrogen productiondistribution. Fuel cell engine technology hydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies. The molecules of fuel are hydrogen h 2 and oxygen o 2 color the h2 red and the o2 blue in the fuel cell diagram. The power produced by a fuel cell depends on several factors, including the fuel cell type, size, temperature at which it operates, and pressure at which gases are supplied.
How to make a hydrogen fuel cell, build a hydrogen fuel cell. They will also learn how the same fuel cell creates electricity by converting hydrogen and oxygen into water. A single fuel cell produces approximately 1 volt or less barely enough electricity for even the smallest applications. Students create an advert for a new hydrogen fueled car. A major limitation of any oxygenconsuming fuel cell is the slow rate of the reduction of this element at a cathode. Calculate, and graph, the production rate of hydrogen in litresm for each power setting.
The equipment described in this manual allows the principles of pem fuel cells pem proton exchange membrane and pem electrolysers to be demonstrated. High level group for hydrogen and fuel cells technologies was initiated in. The thermodynamics behind the combustion of hydrogen. When not lightning, the pole is connected oppositely.
Commonly used electrolytes are naoh solution, phosphoric acid, or solid oxides. Recharge rfc system by processing fuel cell product h 2 o into h 2 fuel and o 2 oxidizer for fuel cell operation isru. A single cell consists of a sandwich of two metallic plates with a. A brief history of fuel cells, how they work and why they are a big deal.
Objective learn how a hydrogen fuel cell works operate a hydrogen fuel cell. There are several different types of fuel cell but they are all based around a central design. Before the h 2 and o 2 can join to become water h 2o the molecules must be pulled apart. A single fuel cell produces approximately 1 volt or less barely. Hydrogen and fuel cell technology has the potential to provide solutions to londons most critical energy challenges enabling growth while improving quality of life and minimising environmental impacts. The products of the reaction in the cell are water, electricity, and heat. Pressure is raised to 150 atm, with the same number of moles and temperature from part b. Regenerative fuel cells currently researched by nasa this type of fuel cell involves a closed loop form of power generation uses solar energy to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen hydrogen and oxygen are fed into the fuel cell generating electricity, heat and water the water by product is then recirculated back to the solarpowered.
Pem fuel cells have the advantage of being light and small. Unlike a conventional engine, it does this without burning the fuel and can therefore be more efficient and cleaner. The hydrogen financial analysis scenario tool h2fast provides a quick and convenient indepth financial analysis for hydrogen refueling stations. Fuel cell animation worksheet answers hydrogen fuel cells. The only moving parts in a h 2 fuel cell are the fuels. The fuel cell an energy conversion device that can efficiently capture and use the power of hydrogen is the key to making it happen. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which use electric motors, are much more energy efficient and use 4060% of the fuels energy corresponding to more than a 50% reduction in fuel consumption, compared to a conventional vehicle with a gasoline internal combustion engine. Sunita satyapal introduction fy 2019 annual progress report 2 doe hydrogen and fuel cells program. The type of fuel cell used in cars is the polymer exchange membrane or pem fuel cell. They consist of two electrodes a negatively charged anode and a positively charged cathode, a catalyst and a membrane.
The massrelated energy density of hydrogen is very high. It explains why reformed fossil fuels cannot yet be used to power a fuel cell vehicle, and describes various options for storing pure hydrogen on board the vehicle. Plug the motor into the fuel cell and it should start turning. Fuel cells are used today in a range of applications, from providing power. Hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier that can be used to power nearly every enduse energy need. Modified stoichiometric oxygenhydrogen moh gas is the best hydrogen storage. Fuel cells fuel cells hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier that can be used to power nearly every enduse energy need.
Hydrogen ions flow through the electrolyte to the other electrode, to. South carolina is the first and only state in the u. Inside the fuel cell, hydrogen molecules are split into ions, and an electric current flows from one terminal of the cell to the other. Fuel cell activity lesson overview by observing this demonstration, students will learn about properties and changes in matter as water is converted into its elemental components using solar electricity and a fuel cell. Describe the purpose of the 150watt incandescent lamp. In the1960s, international fuel cells in windsor connecticut developed a fuel cell power. This fueling activity will likely require vehicle owners and operators to operate fueling equipment, although in some states all fueling is conducted by fueling station personnel. Implementing the transition to hydrogen and fuel cells 19 funding the transition 20 a european roadmap for hydrogen and fuel cells 21 in the short and medium term to 2010 21 in the medium term to 2020 22 in the medium to long term beyond 2020 22 the european hydrogen and fuel cell technology partnership 22 4. When youve produced hydrogen, you can use the fuel cell to power the motor just like you did with the solar cell. Calculate your efficacy of production of hydrogen in litreswh and the efficiency whwh at each power setting. The device produces electricity and heat by electrochemically reacting a fuel which is generally hydrogen or hydrogenrich with oxygen.
A typical fuel cell works by passing hydrogen through the anode of a fuel cell and oxygen through the cathode. A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical potential energy energy stored in molecular bonds into electrical energy. This is a big improvement over internal combustion. The south carolina hydrogen and fuel cell permitting law 20 h.
Dec 16, 2016 regenerative fuel cells currently researched by nasa this type of fuel cell involves a closed loop form of power generation uses solar energy to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen hydrogen and oxygen are fed into the fuel cell generating electricity, heat and water the water by product is then recirculated back to the solarpowered. Buses doe is evaluating realworld bus fleet data dot collaboration h. Oct 08, 2017 a brief history of fuel cells, how they work and why they are a big deal. Department of energy is pleased to present this hydrogen and fuel cell activity guide, created to help interested teachers bring the exciting world of hydrogen and fuel cells to their students. What is the reaction at the cathode of the fuel cell. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles require fueling at intervals comparable to a gasoline powered vehicle. South carolina hydrogen and fuel cell state policy. Fuel cells do not need to be periodically recharged like batteries, but instead continue to produce electricity as long as a fuel source is provided. He brings the hydrogen story up to date, reporting on the latest developments, including new hydrogen and fuelcell cars from gm, daimler, bmw, honda, and. A fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce water, heat and electricity. An electrolyte that separates the two electrodes is an ion conducting material which facilitates the free passage of ions. Hydrogen fed to one electrode fuel electrode divides into hydrogen ions and electrons on the electrode. The temperature is raised to 57c, with the same number of moles and pressure. Hydrogen is forced into the fuel cell at the anode in the form of h2.
What is the reaction at the anode of the fuel cell. Model analysis validated in field experiment testing. The fuel cell kit contains many small, easily breakable parts. Anode include explanation of what type of process occurs at the anode. Fuel cell patents reflect emerging growth clean energy patent growth index1 shows that fuel cell patents lead in the clean energy field with nearly 1,000 fuel cell patents issued worldwide in 2010. A single pem sheet is typically between 50 to 175 microns thick, or. Pressure is 15 atm, number of moles is 15, temperature is 27c. The negative end of the electrode where oxidation of hydrogen occurs. Forklifts forklifts at defense logistics agency site have completed more than 18,000 refuelings. Since being established by the mayors office in 2002, hydrogen london has been at the heart of londons hydrogen and fuel cell industry. It is meant to facilitate investments in hydrogen stations and improve policydesign decisions to support early station and fuel cell electric vehicle fcev market development. Fuel cell technologies program hydrogen and fuel cell technologies program.
An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. A hydrogen fuel cell is a device that turns the chemical energy in a fuel directly into electricity. The individual cells in a stack are supported by a carbon sheet and. The energy content of hydrogen is given as either lower heating value lhv of 242. In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are combined to generate electricity, heat, and water.
You may replace the light emitting diode with the speaker taken out of a music greeting card. A pem proton exchange membrane cell uses hydrogen gas h 2 and oxygen gas o 2 as fuel. Fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity, with only water and heat as byproducts. Save the world funsheet not a worksheet teacher version with answers in red 1.
An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology ogniwa. Nova online teachers classroom activity car of the. Fuel cell data sheet for distribution to the class during the activity. The second half of this chapter concerns fueling of hydrogen fuel cells, which is considerably more complex than filling a tank with gasoline. In a fuel cell, an oxidizing agent or oxygen is made to flow through a fuel hydrogen. Figure 24 a fuel cell uses hydrogen a fuel cell and oxygen to produce electricity. Solar hydrogen fuel cell science lab solar hydrogen fuel cell science kit. Hydrogen energy and fuel cells european commission. The device produces electricity and heat by electrochemically reacting a fuel which is generally hydrogen or hydrogen rich with oxygen. Figure 44 reversible voltage of the hydrogenoxygen cell 14. Note in your observations if you see any difference in how the motor works with the fuel cell instead of the solar cell. The pem allows only the hydrogen ions to pass through to the cathode where these ions react with oxygen to produce water. Do the costs of developing hydrogen fuel cells outweigh the benefits of it, or vice versa. The basic construction of a hydrogen fuel cell consists of two electrodes, an electrolyte, a fuel hydrogen and a power supply.
Process recovered h 2 o to utilizing the resulting h 2 and o 2 hydrogen reduction hydrogen for material processing life support oxygen to source breathing oxygen. Schematic diagram of a modern hydrogen oxygen fuel cell. Inside the fuel cell, hydrogen molecules are split into ions, and an electric current. Next step maritime fuel cell generator will be field tested at scripps institution of. A fuel cell, on the other hand, uses an external supply of chemical energy and can run indefinitely, as long as it is supplied with a source of hydrogen and a source of oxygen usually air.